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Insanity /ɪnˈsanɪti/ generally refers to a severely disordered state of mind, extreme folly, or, in a legal context, a mental incapacity that negates criminal or civil responsibility.
1. In the legal system, insanity is a formal, medical-legal term used as a defense to determine if a person can be held accountable for a crime. It is not a psychological diagnosis but rather a legal standard. It typically means the person had a mental disease or defect at the time of the offense that made them unable to understand the nature of their actions, or unable to distinguish right from wrong.
2. Historically, "insanity" was a medical term used to describe serious mental illness, psychosis, or unsoundness of mind. Today, modern psychologists and psychiatrists do not use "insanity" as a clinical diagnosis. Instead, they use specific diagnostic categories outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.